How to Prevent Hairballs in Cats

Why Do Cats Get Hairballs?

When cats groom themselves, their rough tongues pull out loose and dead hair — and they swallow a lot of it. Most passes through the digestive system without issue, but some accumulates in the stomach and forms a hairball. Cats lack the enzyme needed to break down hair, so it clumps with food particles and gastric juices until the cat expels it by coughing or vomiting.

Long-haired cats are especially prone to hairballs. Excessive grooming caused by skin allergies or fleas can also increase hair ingestion. Regular brushing removes loose hair before it's swallowed — browse our pet grooming collection for cat brushes and deshedding tools. Hairball-control cat food with added dietary fiber can also help hair pass through the digestive system more easily.

When to Be Concerned About Hairballs

Occasional hairballs are normal. Contact your vet if you notice:

1. Frequent or excessive vomiting: Persistent vomiting can cause dehydration and nutrient imbalances.
2. Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss: These alongside hairball symptoms may indicate a gastrointestinal issue.
3. Struggling to expel a hairball: If your cat is in distress and can't bring up a hairball despite repeated attempts, it may be causing a blockage — a medical emergency.
4. Changes in litter box habits: Avoiding the litter box, pain during elimination, or difficulty passing stool alongside hairball issues warrants a vet visit.
5. Other symptoms: Lethargy, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, or abdominal discomfort combined with hairball problems need veterinary evaluation.

What to Look for in a Hairball-Control Cat Food

No food eliminates hairballs entirely, but the right formula can reduce their frequency and make them easier to pass. Look for:

1. High-quality animal protein: Should be the primary ingredient. Supports overall health and a healthy coat.
2. Added dietary fiber: Ingredients like psyllium husk or beet pulp promote healthy digestion and help move hair through the intestinal tract.
3. Moisture content: Wet or canned food helps maintain hydration and supports urinary tract health. See our guide on wet vs. dry cat food for more.
4. Omega-3 fatty acids: Fish oil and other omega-3 sources (EPA and DHA) minimize shedding and improve coat condition, reducing the amount of hair ingested during grooming.
5. Hairball-control additives: Look for formulas that explicitly mention hairball control — these may include enzymes, prebiotics, or specialized fiber.
6. Vet guidance: Ask your vet for a recommendation tailored to your cat's age, breed, and health status.

Always transition to a new food gradually to avoid digestive upset. For more on cat nutrition, see our guides on adult cat nutrition basics and how to bathe your cat at home to reduce shedding at the source.